Five other cats were euthanized during the study, one of which had hypoglycemia. The following additional clinical observations or diagnoses were reported in cats during the effectiveness field study: vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, cystitis/hematuria, upper respiratory infection, dry coat, hair loss, ocular discharge, abnormal vocalization, black stool, and rapid breathing. Animal Safety: Owners should be advised to observe for signs of hypoglycemia (see Client Information Sheet). The most common adverse reaction observed is hypoglycemia. As it progresses, the skin can become grossly thickened and scaly looking (hyperkeratosis), similar to human psoriasis. Deficiency of zinc during pregnancy and foetal development can lead to severe growth retardation, limb abnormalities, swollen joints, and poor skeletal formation. Zinc 20 mg daily is the most common dose used. Dogs with specific health and wellness concerns may benefit from zinc supplements. Many of the adverse reactions, such as lethargy, seizures, shaking (dogs only), and ataxia, are associated with hypoglycemia. The most potent sources of dietary zinc are found in red meats, white meats, and fish (especially oysters). This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Dosages are listed below: Zinc sulfate oral: 10 mg/kg once daily IV: 10-15 mg/kg weekly for four treatments. Cats were evaluated at 7, 14, 30, and 45 days after initiation of therapy and the dose was adjusted based on clinical signs and results of 9-hour blood glucose curves on Days 7, 14, and 30. Clinical signs of hypoglycemia were generally mild in nature (described as lethargic, sluggish, weak, trembling, uncoordinated, groggy, glassy-eyed or dazed). The chemicals known to produce free-radicals include chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, industrial acids, solvents, most pesticides and herbicides, preservatives in foods, printing pigments and inks and other industrial chemicals, fragrances, perfume, vehicles, and cosmetics, pollutants in air and water, many if not all pharmacological agents used in medicine and anaesthetics, which have a profound affect in producing radicals in the central nervous system. Zinc methionine: 1.7 mg /kg/day; Zinc gluconate: 1.5 mg/kg/day of elemental zinc. Reference laboratories usually request that samples be submitted in green-top heparinized tubes, royal blue–top trace element tubes, or purple-top EDTA tubes. - For cats previously controlled on insulin, a higher starting dose up to 0.7 IU insulin/kg bodyweight may be appropriate.- Adjustments of insulin dose if required should usually be done between 0.5 to 1 IU insulin per injection. Zinc is one of the most important minerals for maintaining a healthy body, but excessive zinc can be harmful and can cause toxicity. When transitioning from another insulin, the dog’s blood glucose and general condition should be closely monitored. Seven of these 21 dogs died or were euthanized due to complications of pancreatitis. The duration of administration depends on the condition being treated, response to the medication and the development of any adverse effects. When transitioning from another insulin, PROZINC should be started once daily, regardless of the frequency of prior insulin use. of body weight. Dosage and Administration: USE OF A SYRINGE OTHER THAN A U-40 SYRINGE WILL RESULT IN INCORRECT DOSING. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Cats: The initial recommended dose is 0.2 to 0.4 IU insulin/kg bodyweight every 12 hours. In the effectiveness field study, glycemic control was considered adequate if the glucose nadir from a 9-hour blood glucose curve was between 80 and 125 mg/dL, the maximum blood glucose was ≤ 300 mg/dL, and clinical signs of hyperglycemia such as polyuria, polydipsia, or weight loss were improved. All injection site reactions resolved without cessation of therapy. These immature immune cells leave the bone marrow and migrate to the Thymus gland, where they are “educated” to become mature immune cells (called thymic cells or “T” cells). The children in these studies received 4–40 mg of zinc a day in the form of zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc sulfate . When zinc is deficient, the thymus is small, or non existent, T cell numbers are low, and their normal function is severely compromised, leading to a significant increase in infectious diseases, auto-immune disease, degenerative conditions, and ultimately cancer. Zinc is essential for the growth and development of the thymus gland, and for the proliferation and “education” of T cells. Accidental injection may cause hypoglycemia. Twenty cats had signs consistent with hypoglycemia described as: sluggish, lethargic, unsteady, wobbly, seizures, trembling, or dazed. Interactions. PROZINC, like other insulin products, is not free from adverse reactions. Ingredients. Zinc is also important to wound healing and your sense of taste and smell.With a varied diet, your body usually gets enough zinc. The attending veterinarian should evaluate other adverse reactions on a case-by-case basis to determine if an adjustment in therapy is appropriate, or if alternative therapy should be considered. This zinc-responsive dermatosis is primarily seen in fast-growing large and giant breed dogs including Great Danes, German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Standard Poodles, and Doberman Pinschers. Using a U-40 insulin syringe, the injection should be administered subcutaneously on the back of the neck or on the side of the dog. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Feb 2021), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Mar 2021), ASHP (updated 29 Jan 2021) and others. In dogs and cats, the normal serum zinc level is 0.7–2 mcg/mL. The actual dosage will depend on the formulation of the supplement. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the ProZinc for Cats and Dogs information published above. However, it remains the responsibility of the readers to familiarize themselves with the product information contained on the US product label or package insert. This drug is usually safe for dogs, and they should get one pill for every 25 to 50 pounds of weight, as well. In case of accidental injection, seek medical attention immediately. PROZINC is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia. Clumps or visible white particles can form in insulin suspensions: do not use the product if clumps or visible white particles persist after gently rolling the vial. Brain development is retarded, and learning and cognitive functions are inhibited. Potential adverse reactions include hypoglycemia, insulin antagonism/resistance, rapid insulin metabolism, insulin-induced hyperglycemia (Somogyi Effect), and local or systemic reactions. Further adjustments in the dosage may be necessary with changes in the dog’s diet, body weight, or concomitant medication, or if the dog develops concurrent infection, inflammation, neoplasia, or an additional endocrine or other medical disorder. PROZINC® is a registered trademark of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. © 2019 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. All rights reserved. Dosage regimens of ProZinc will vary among patients. Dogs with specific health and wellness concerns may benefit from zinc supplements. The actual dosage will depend on the formulation of the supplement. The Importance of Zinc for Canines. Common signs of zinc deficiency in dogs are poor growth, lethargy, anorexia, hyperkeratotic footpads, erythema between the toes, and exudative, crusted skin lesions around the mouth and eyes. https://totalhealthmagazine.com/Pet-Health/ZINC-For-Your-Pet.html It seems likely that maximal zinc absorption, over the long-term, would be provided by a dose somewhere between 40 mg/d and 110 mg/d. Composition [14] fed adult cats a dietary zinc content of 600 mg/kg DM for 6 weeks with no apparent adverse effects, although the blood zinc concentration increased compared with control cats fed a zinc … Depletion of anti-oxidants is generally caused by a combination of deficient nutritional intake of the above mentioned vitamins and minerals (poor diet, highly processed foods), combined with an increased consumption of anti-oxidant enzymes (ie increased production of free radicals). DermazymeZinc (previously Zinpro) is a food supplement for dogs and cats based on zinc-methionine, Vitamin A and B to help repair damaged skin and replenish zinc deficiencies. ProZinc insulin dose for cats The correct dose is between 0.2 – 0.7 IU per kg of cat weight (0.1 – 0.3 IU per pound) administered after every about 12 hours using strictly a U-40 syringe and it should be done after meals. The dose should be given concurrently with or right after a meal. It is also vital to normal skeletal development and collagen synthesis. Most of these were treated by the owner or veterinarian with oral glucose supplementation or food; others received intravenous glucose. Use of this product, even at established doses, has been associated with hypoglycemia. Using a U-40 insulin syringe, the injection should be administered subcutaneously on the back of the neck or on the side of the cat. For example, a meal of rice has only 10 to 12 mg/lb of zinc while a meat meal contains 50 mg/lb and a fish meal contains approximately 75 mg/lb of zinc. The T cells are critical to normal immune function (these are the cells destroyed by the HIV virus leading to immune failure). Cats were started on PROZINC at a dose of 0.1-0.3 IU/lb (0.2-0.7 IU/kg) twice daily. Other nutritional elements that combine to produce anti-oxidants include vitamins E (alpha-tocopherol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin A (beta carotene), and the trace minerals zinc, copper and manganese. Another thing to think about is your dog’s DNA! Cats that completed the effectiveness study were enrolled into an extended use field study. In the effectiveness field study, glycemic control was considered adequate if the glucose nadir from a 9-hour blood glucose curve was between 80 and 150 mg/dL and clinical signs of hyperglycemia such as polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss were improved. Four cats had received PROZINC for less than a week and were euthanized due to worsening concurrent medical conditions. Glucocorticoid and progestogen use should be avoided. The most common symptoms are crusty skin lesions around the eyes, mouth, and scrotum. Zinc supplements may be used to support immunity or to treat dogs with copper storage disease. The minimum toxic dose, minimum lethal dose, or LD 50 (median lethal dose) of zinc phosphide for the dog or cat has not been reported. Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal ant-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Higher doses have been used for treating certain conditions, including acne, diarrhea, and … It is directly related to dietary supplements that interfere with zinc absorption by binding with the mineral, specifically phytates (plant-based anti-oxidants) and calcium. Glucocorticoids, progestogens, and certain endocrinopathies can have an antagonistic effect on insulin activity. Zinc, a nutrient found throughout your body, helps your immune system and metabolism function. Four cats developed diabetic neuropathy during the study as evidenced by plantigrade stance. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. PROZINC is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia and in animals sensitive to protamine zinc recombinant human insulin or any other ingredients in PROZINC. Reaction to the injection, including vocalization, was observed in four dogs. Owners should be advised of the potential for adverse reactions and be informed of the associated clinical signs. Grains are low in zinc such as corn and soybean. Avoid contact with eyes. Always provide the Client Information Sheet with each prescription. The veterinarian should re-evaluate the dog at appropriate intervals and adjust the dose and frequency based on both clinical signs and laboratory test results (the blood glucose curve values and shape, nadir, and fructosamine) until adequate glycemic control has been attained. This form of zinc has been linked with the loss of the sense of smell. This suggests that, like the dog, cats can tolerate zinc concentrations well above the nutritional requirement. The recommended starting dose for naïve dogs is the lower end of the dose range. Based on this definition, 162 of 224 cases (72%) were considered successful. Dosages are listed below: Zinc sulfate oral: 10 mg/kg once daily IV: 10-15 mg/kg weekly for four treatments. Updated: 2021-01-29. It is also found in reasonable levels in cereals, legumes and root vegetables. Zinc and dogs. pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. Zinc 20 mg daily is the most common dose used. Looking for a healthy treat option? More commonly referred to as zinc toxicity, it occurs when a cat ingests an exorbitant amount of zinc-containing materials. Several variables play a role in zinc dosage for dogs. Over supplementation with calcium also reduces zinc absorption, as does high intakes of iron supplements. Zinc is available in many forms for oral supplementation and include zinc sulfate (oral and IV), zinc methionine, and zinc gluconate. Our articles involve contributions from senior veterinarians and are researched thoroughly. Hypoglycemia can be fatal if an affected dog does not receive prompt treatment. 1 With PROZINC proven safety profile, it's the at-home feline insulin treatment you can feel confident about. Cat’s claw is a popular herbal supplement derived from a tropical vine. Dosage and Administration: USE OF A SYRINGE OTHER THAN A U-40 SYRINGE WILL RESULT IN INCORRECT DOSING. Also the long term use of certain heart medications (diuretics and ACE inhibitors) can lead to excessive zinc losses. Starting dose: The recommended starting dose for PROZINC is 0.2-0.5 IU insulin/pound of body weight (0.5-1.0 IU/kg) once daily. Animal Safety: Owners should be advised to observe for signs of hypoglycemia (see Client Information Sheet). The initial recommended PROZINC dose is 0.1 - 0.3 IU insulin/pound of body weight (0.2 - 0.7 IU/kg) every 12 hours. Although rare, zinc-responsive dermatosis causes a breadth of problems for your dog, from skin abnormalities and digestive issues to complications with the immune system. (protamine zinc recombinant human insulin). The recommended starting dose for dogs with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and transitioning from another insulin product is the mid to higher end of the dose range based on the veterinarian’s experience with the dog’s medical history and previous insulin dose. In contrast, the inherited defect in zinc absorption reported in northern breeds and Great Danes persists throughout life and requires the supplementation of a higher dose of zinc. The usual dose in dogs is 0.1mg per pound as an initial dose the first day, followed by 0.05mg per pound once a day thereafter. This article describes the benefits, side effects, and dosage of cat’s claw. At this level, zinc influences the molecular genetics of an organism, and deficiency of zinc can have far reaching effects, that can even be passed on to future generations. In this study, 145 cats received PROZINC for up to an additional 136 days. COVID-19 and pets. Increased dosages can be given without fear of toxicity. Clinical signs of hypoglycemia varied and included seizure, collapse, ataxia, staggering, trembling, twitching, shaking, disorientation, lethargy, weakness, and vocalization. For adults, the recommended daily dosage is typically 15–30 mg of elemental zinc (4, 28). However, there are currently insufficient data to recommend either for or against the use of zinc … DNA is required not only for cell division and growth, but also for the expression of genetic material (the translation of genetic codes (genes) into their metabolic function). Adverse reactions seen in the safety population (276 dogs), Lethargy (lethargy, depression, listless, and tiredness), Anorexia (anorexia, decreased appetite, inappetence, and not eating), Ataxia (ataxia, balance problem, stumbling gait), Clinical pathology: The only change seen in complete blood count, serum chemistry, and urinalysis results was an elevation in mean cholesterol at Day 182 (432.6 mg/dL, normal range 131-345 mg/dL) compared to Day -1 (333.7 mg/dL).). Breeds at risk should be supplemented with zinc. ( 40 mgs daily dosage) Zinc Sulphate tends to be very hard on the stomach causing unnecessary stomach upset. All cases of hypoglycemia resolved with appropriate therapy and if needed, a dose reduction. First aid tips. Zinc deficiency may also be caused by poor diet, gut problems or stress. Zinc Methionine combines Zinc with Methionine and is reasonably well utilized in most dogs. The rest were due to concurrent medical conditions or worsening of the diabetes mellitus. That's where PROZINC ® (protamine zinc recombinant human insulin) comes in. Deaths: Thirty-six (36) dogs died or were euthanized, six of which were possibly related to PROZINC. Affected dogs require oral supplementation of zinc, and a usual starting dose of zinc for dogs through supplements is 1mg/kg SID (Colombini, 1999). Hypoglycemia (defined as a blood glucose value of < 50 mg/dL) occurred in 71 of the cats at various times throughout the study. Most significant in Western society is environmental pollution. Cat: Sterman et al. Free radical damage has now been clearly identified as having a central role in most, if not all, degenerative diseases, and can ultimately be linked to chronic immune failure and the formation of cancerous cells in the body. The minimum toxic dose, minimum lethal dose, or LD 50 (median lethal dose) of zinc phosphide for the dog or cat has not been reported. The dose should be given concurrently with or right after a meal. Some dogs required hospitalization and intravenous dextrose while most recovered after receiving oral supplementation with a meal and/or oral glucose such as syrup. Numerous other anti-oxidant compounds can be found in most fresh foods and many herbs. In severe cases of hypoglycemia, seizures and coma can occur. In conjunction with the skin changes, the entire animal’s immune system is severely depressed, and secondary bacterial skin infections and pustular dermatoses occur, along with increased susceptibility to all manner of bacterial and viral infections. This can be … Its effect on suppressing the immune system has also been documented to prove that it makes animals more susceptible to developing a large range of degenerative diseases, including cancer. A dog with signs of hypoglycemia should be treated immediately. Transmission or Cause: Zinc-responsive dermatosis is a keratinization disorder (abnormal skin production) due to zinc deficiency. Normal sources of zinc include meat and fish products. Zinc citrate and Zinc methionine are recommended. Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA 30096. PROZINC is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia and in animals sensitive to protamine zinc recombinant human insulin or any other ingredients in PROZINC. Zinc-responsive Dermatosis. For one, there are different types of this essential mineral. For example, if a dog receiving 10 units of PROZINC once daily has an acceptable nadir but inadequate duration of activity, the dose should be changed to 7 units twice daily (round down to the nearest whole unit). Information for Cat Owners: Please refer to the Client Information Sheet for Cats for more information about PROZINC. Cats were evaluated at 7, 14, 30, and 45 days after initiation of therapy and the dose was adjusted based Unpublished work indicates that the dose of zinc phosphide producing toxic effects in dogs and cats lies somewhere between 20 and 40 … Cats were started on PROZINC at a dose of 0.1-0.3 IU/lb (0.2-0.7 IU/kg) twice daily. Almost all cases of zinc toxicosis in small animals are due to ingestion. The above doses achieve a dose rate of approximately 15-20 mg of elemental zinc from zinc methionine per 20 lb (10 kg) of dog. Diets that are high in refined cereal grains are also high in plant phytates (especially soy based products), and these phytates actually bind to zinc in the intestines, and render it unabsorbable. Directions & Dosage. Effectiveness was based on successful control of diabetes which was defined as improvement in at least one blood glucose variable (glucose curve mean, nadir, or fructosamine) and at least one clinical sign (polyuria, polydipsia, or body weight). Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Keep out of the reach of children. Zinc deficiency causes the condition called zinc responsive dermatosis. Zinc is one of the essential trace minerals required in a dog’s diet to maintain good health. One dog died from recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, and one died after developing severe vomiting and diarrhea followed by a seizure. Zinc is involved in a vast array of metabolic processes in the body; It has been scientifically identified as playing in a key role in over 200 critical enzymatic / metabolic pathways, is integral to the function of the whole immune system, is involved in the production of numerous hormones (thyroid hormone, insulin, sex hormones, growth hormone, cortisone), and plays an integral role in DNA synthesis, and therefore cellular reproduction. With 2 daily doses, you can provide your diabetic cat the help they need to regulate their blood glucose and relieve clinical signs. Use caution when adjusting from once daily to twice daily dosing because PROZINC may have prolonged duration of action in some dogs (see Clinical Pharmacology). FIGURE (3)The Siberian Husky shown in Figure 1 six months post zinc supplementation Zinc Toxicity in Dogs. Table 1. Four of these 11 dogs died or were euthanized, one after one dose of PROZINC. In male dogs it can cause low sperm count, loss of libido, and testicular atrophy (shrinking testicles). Common signs of zinc deficiency in dogs are poor growth, lethargy, anorexia, hyperkeratotic footpads, erythema between the toes, and exudative, crusted skin lesions around the mouth and eyes. Three cats had injection site reactions which were described as either small, punctate, red lesions; lesions on neck; or palpable subcutaneous thickening. Effectiveness was based on successful control of diabetes which was defined as improvement in at least one laboratory variable (blood glucose curve mean, blood glucose curve nadir, or fructosamine) and at least one clinical sign (polyuria, polydipsia, or weight loss). Do not freeze. Any disturbance in gastrointestinal function will also affect zinc uptake. Indication: PROZINC (protamine zinc recombinant human insulin) is indicated for the reduction of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-associated clinical signs in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Don't use intranasal zinc. Zinc Methionine combines Zinc with Methionine and is reasonably well utilized in most dogs. Signs may include: weakness, depression, behavioral changes, muscle twitching, and anxiety. Otherwise, you are likely to end up with the wrong dosage if you use a different type of syringe. Dosage 6 ml (0.2 oz) per kg (2.2 lbs) of body weight, per hour. PROZINC is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia. In case of accidental injection, seek medical attention immediately. They need a steady supply of nutritious food to get enough of this must-have (antioxidant) mineral. Cats were evaluated at 7, 14, 30, and 45 days after initiation of therapy and the dose was adjusted based on clinical signs and results of 9-hour blood glucose curves on Days 7, 14, and 30. Insulin should be temporarily withheld and, if indicated, the dosage adjusted. It contains not only water and glucose but essential electrolytes (body salts) including sodium, chloride, potassium, which are vital for normal organ function. These T cells are responsible for a significant part of the immune system, and are able to differentiate between normal body cells and “foreign” cells (ie bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells). Signs may include weakness, depression, behavioral changes, muscle twitching, and anxiety. Not all the deaths were considered related to PROZINC. It seems likely that maximal zinc absorption, over the long-term, would be provided by a dose somewhere between 40 mg/d and 110 mg/d. Zinc is an essential mineral that should be present in a dog's healthy diet. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION IN CATS ONLY. Long term deficiency can result in premature ageing, senility, vision loss (especially night blindness), and hearing loss. Most premium commercial pet foods have additional zinc added to the ration, to counteract any damage/loss during processing. Protect from light. Cats were evaluated at 7, 14, 30, and 45 days after initiation of therapy and the dose was adjusted based Glucocorticoid and progestogen use should be avoided. pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. Zinc supplementation is continued for 2 to 3 months, followed by halving the dose thereafter to block copper absorption and decrease copper accumulation in the liver. The safety and effectiveness of PROZINC in breeding, pregnant, and lactating cats has not been evaluated.
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